VAT ( Govt rejects VAT panel demand to share burden of ... )
A 2.5 per cent cut in VAT (from 17.5 per cent to 15 per cent) took effect from 1 December 2008. But this is only for 13 months, until the end of 2009, after which time it will return to the original rate. VAT is not charged on some goods, such as food and children’s clothing, so there are no savings in these areas.
This reduction is offset by increased duties on alcohol, tobacco and petrol. Also there is no benefit from gas and electricity customers since VAT is already charged at a lower rate of 5 per cent which has not changed.
Personal tax ( Reimbursement of income tax - Use to buy term life insurance )
The increase in the personal allowance to offset the scrapping of the 10p tax band has been made permanent and increased to £145 per year in April 2009 from £120. This should benefit 22 million basic rate tax payers.
Allowances
In April 2009, the amount of income which is free of tax will increase from £6,035 to £6,475 for single people up to the age of 65 – an increase of £440.
For those over 65 up to 74 years, the increase will be from £9,030 (2008/09) to £9,490 (2009/10) – up £460.
For those over 75, the increase is from £9,180 (2008/09) to £9,640 (2009/10) – an increase of £460.
Personal allowances will be scrapped for those earning in excess of £140,000 a year from April 2010.
Income tax ( Minnesota Income Tax Forms , Reimbursement of income tax , Tax 2009 )
From 2011 income tax will be charged at 45 per cent on all earnings about £150,000. This will affect the top 1 per cent of earners.
Inheritance tax threshold
No change.
Pension funds
The ceiling on tax relief given to people with pension funds up to £1.8 million will be maintained until 2015/16.
National Insurance Contributions
There will be an increase of 0.5 percent on National Insurance contributions for employers and employees but this will not take effect until April 2011. The starting point is raised to that of income tax so will affect only those who earn more than £20,000.
Property
Help with mortgages
For those finding it difficult to maintain mortgage payments, the Government secured commitment from mortgage lenders to wait at least three months after a borrower falls behind with their repayments before seeking repossession. Also from January 2009 anyone who loses their job who has a mortgage of up to £200,000 is eligible for a state benefit. This benefit pays the interest on their mortgage, allowing people to remain in their homes. The current cap to be eligible for this benefit (called Income Support for Mortgage Interest) is £100,000.
Help with insulation
An extra £100 million is to be provided, with a further £50 million brought forward, to help 60,000 more households insulate their homes.
Debt advice
The Government will provide an extra £15 million for the provision of debt advice.
Help for savers (on low incomes)
There was very little offered to help savers, with no increase in the existing taxfree savings allowances. However there were measures to encourage people on low incomes to save more from 2010. The Government will contribute 50p for each pound that a person saves in a new Savings Gateway Scheme. The maximum contribution will be £300 per person. Only those on certain benefits and who claim tax credits will be eligible, estimated to be about 8 million people.
Help for pensioners
The Pension Credit, which is the minimum income guaranteed to pensioners on modest incomes, will be increased in April 2009 from £124.05 to £130.00 a week for individuals and from £189.35 to £198.45 for couples.
The basic state pension for a single person rises from £90.70 to £95.25 and from £145.05 to £152.30 for a couple. But this had been announced previously and has not been changed.
Pension and child benefit increases take effect in January 2009, three months early.
From January 2009 every pensioner also receives a £60 one-off payment, rising to £120 for couples, on top of the £10 bonus to help pay for energy bills.
Help for families and children
The increase in child benefit (worth on average £22) announced as taking effect in April 2009 has been brought forward three months to January 2009. Disabled children will also receive a one-off £70 payment in January 2009. The above-inflation rise in the child element of the child tax credit (£25) will be brought forward by one year to April 2009.
Businesses
Corporation tax
The Government will defer the increase in corporation tax for small businesses, but only until 2010. It had been planned to increase to 22 per cent from April 2009 from 21 per cent.
Small and medium sized enterprises
The Chancellor announced £1 billion of tax cuts through the Small Business Finance Scheme and £2 billion of loan guarantees. Banks will be given an extra £4 billion to help SMEs. SMEs will also be allowed to spread business tax payments over a period to help ease cash flow. SMEs will gain £1 billion in export guarantees from January 2009 through the Export Credit Guarantee Department. New legislation to prevent income being moved between spouses, which the Government regarded as a big tax loophole, has been deferred. From April 2009, the tax relief on company cars will be based on their CO 2 emissions, not on their cost (as at present).
Tax repayments
HMRC will allow firms facing difficulties to spread the payment of all their business taxes over a timetable they can afford, for as long as they need. This includes the self-employed.
Businesses can now carry back losses up to £50,000 for three years instead of the normal one year. However this extension is only for one year.
Foreign dividends
An exemption has been introduced for companies’ foreign dividends from tax in 2009. This is to allay concerns over proposed changes to taxation of foreign earnings leading to some companies shifting their tax domicile away from the UK.
Rates
Empty commercial properties will be exempt from business rates from 2009/10 if the rateable value is less than £15,000.
Fuel and excise duty
Currently there are seven road tax bands ranging from A to G. Cars in band A pay no duty while cars in Band G pay £400 (unless they were bought before 23 March 2006). In 2009 new rates will be phased in with increases limited to £5 on all vehicles. The large increases planned for the most polluting vehicles will be drastically reduced.
On petrol costs the Chancellor announced that the 2.5 per cent cut in VAT on petrol will not benefit drivers as this is offset by an increase in fuel duty. There are duty rises at fuel stations to come: one is a 2p per litre rise effective from Monday 1 December 2008 and a further 1.84p per litre duty from 1 April 2009.
Travel
Changes were announced regarding Air Passenger Duty on flights. The changes will take effect from 1 November 2009, irrespective of when the ticket was booked. There will be four new bands, depending on the distance flown; those who have a bigger environmental impact meeting the cost. Band A ranges from £11 to £24 depending on the class of travel. This covers
flights to destinations less than 2,000 miles away. Band B is from £45 to £120. Band C is from £50 to £150. Band D is from £50 to a maximum of £170.
A 2.5 per cent cut in VAT (from 17.5 per cent to 15 per cent) took effect from 1 December 2008. But this is only for 13 months, until the end of 2009, after which time it will return to the original rate. VAT is not charged on some goods, such as food and children’s clothing, so there are no savings in these areas.
This reduction is offset by increased duties on alcohol, tobacco and petrol. Also there is no benefit from gas and electricity customers since VAT is already charged at a lower rate of 5 per cent which has not changed.
Personal tax ( Reimbursement of income tax - Use to buy term life insurance )
The increase in the personal allowance to offset the scrapping of the 10p tax band has been made permanent and increased to £145 per year in April 2009 from £120. This should benefit 22 million basic rate tax payers.
Allowances
In April 2009, the amount of income which is free of tax will increase from £6,035 to £6,475 for single people up to the age of 65 – an increase of £440.
For those over 65 up to 74 years, the increase will be from £9,030 (2008/09) to £9,490 (2009/10) – up £460.
For those over 75, the increase is from £9,180 (2008/09) to £9,640 (2009/10) – an increase of £460.
Personal allowances will be scrapped for those earning in excess of £140,000 a year from April 2010.
Income tax ( Minnesota Income Tax Forms , Reimbursement of income tax , Tax 2009 )
From 2011 income tax will be charged at 45 per cent on all earnings about £150,000. This will affect the top 1 per cent of earners.
Inheritance tax threshold
No change.
Pension funds
The ceiling on tax relief given to people with pension funds up to £1.8 million will be maintained until 2015/16.
National Insurance Contributions
There will be an increase of 0.5 percent on National Insurance contributions for employers and employees but this will not take effect until April 2011. The starting point is raised to that of income tax so will affect only those who earn more than £20,000.
Property
Help with mortgages
For those finding it difficult to maintain mortgage payments, the Government secured commitment from mortgage lenders to wait at least three months after a borrower falls behind with their repayments before seeking repossession. Also from January 2009 anyone who loses their job who has a mortgage of up to £200,000 is eligible for a state benefit. This benefit pays the interest on their mortgage, allowing people to remain in their homes. The current cap to be eligible for this benefit (called Income Support for Mortgage Interest) is £100,000.
Help with insulation
An extra £100 million is to be provided, with a further £50 million brought forward, to help 60,000 more households insulate their homes.
Debt advice
The Government will provide an extra £15 million for the provision of debt advice.
Help for savers (on low incomes)
There was very little offered to help savers, with no increase in the existing taxfree savings allowances. However there were measures to encourage people on low incomes to save more from 2010. The Government will contribute 50p for each pound that a person saves in a new Savings Gateway Scheme. The maximum contribution will be £300 per person. Only those on certain benefits and who claim tax credits will be eligible, estimated to be about 8 million people.
Help for pensioners
The Pension Credit, which is the minimum income guaranteed to pensioners on modest incomes, will be increased in April 2009 from £124.05 to £130.00 a week for individuals and from £189.35 to £198.45 for couples.
The basic state pension for a single person rises from £90.70 to £95.25 and from £145.05 to £152.30 for a couple. But this had been announced previously and has not been changed.
Pension and child benefit increases take effect in January 2009, three months early.
From January 2009 every pensioner also receives a £60 one-off payment, rising to £120 for couples, on top of the £10 bonus to help pay for energy bills.
Help for families and children
The increase in child benefit (worth on average £22) announced as taking effect in April 2009 has been brought forward three months to January 2009. Disabled children will also receive a one-off £70 payment in January 2009. The above-inflation rise in the child element of the child tax credit (£25) will be brought forward by one year to April 2009.
Businesses
Corporation tax
The Government will defer the increase in corporation tax for small businesses, but only until 2010. It had been planned to increase to 22 per cent from April 2009 from 21 per cent.
Small and medium sized enterprises
The Chancellor announced £1 billion of tax cuts through the Small Business Finance Scheme and £2 billion of loan guarantees. Banks will be given an extra £4 billion to help SMEs. SMEs will also be allowed to spread business tax payments over a period to help ease cash flow. SMEs will gain £1 billion in export guarantees from January 2009 through the Export Credit Guarantee Department. New legislation to prevent income being moved between spouses, which the Government regarded as a big tax loophole, has been deferred. From April 2009, the tax relief on company cars will be based on their CO 2 emissions, not on their cost (as at present).
Tax repayments
HMRC will allow firms facing difficulties to spread the payment of all their business taxes over a timetable they can afford, for as long as they need. This includes the self-employed.
Businesses can now carry back losses up to £50,000 for three years instead of the normal one year. However this extension is only for one year.
Foreign dividends
An exemption has been introduced for companies’ foreign dividends from tax in 2009. This is to allay concerns over proposed changes to taxation of foreign earnings leading to some companies shifting their tax domicile away from the UK.
Rates
Empty commercial properties will be exempt from business rates from 2009/10 if the rateable value is less than £15,000.
Fuel and excise duty
Currently there are seven road tax bands ranging from A to G. Cars in band A pay no duty while cars in Band G pay £400 (unless they were bought before 23 March 2006). In 2009 new rates will be phased in with increases limited to £5 on all vehicles. The large increases planned for the most polluting vehicles will be drastically reduced.
On petrol costs the Chancellor announced that the 2.5 per cent cut in VAT on petrol will not benefit drivers as this is offset by an increase in fuel duty. There are duty rises at fuel stations to come: one is a 2p per litre rise effective from Monday 1 December 2008 and a further 1.84p per litre duty from 1 April 2009.
Travel
Changes were announced regarding Air Passenger Duty on flights. The changes will take effect from 1 November 2009, irrespective of when the ticket was booked. There will be four new bands, depending on the distance flown; those who have a bigger environmental impact meeting the cost. Band A ranges from £11 to £24 depending on the class of travel. This covers
flights to destinations less than 2,000 miles away. Band B is from £45 to £120. Band C is from £50 to £150. Band D is from £50 to a maximum of £170.
